Build your own certificate authority (CA)

1. Enable the pki secrets engine at the pki path.

   $ vault secrets enable pki

   Example output:

   Success! Enabled the pki secrets engine at: pki/

2. Tune the pki secrets engine to issue certificates with a maximum time-to-live (TTL) of 87600 hours.

   $ vault secrets tune -max-lease-ttl=87600h pki

   Example output:

   Success! Tuned the secrets engine at: pki/

3. Generate the example.com root CA, give it an issuer name, and save its certificate in the file root_2023_ca.crt.

   $ vault write -field=certificate pki/root/generate/internal \     common_name="example.com" \     issuer_name="root-2023" \     ttl=87600h > root_2023_ca.crt

   This command is not expected to produce any output.

   This generates a new self-signed CA certificate and private key. Vault automatically revokes the generated root at the end of its lease period (TTL). The CA certificate signs its own Certificate Revocation List (CRL).

4. List the issuer information for the root CA.

   $ vault list pki/issuers/Keys----09c2c9a0-a874-36d2-de85-d79a7a51e373

   Copy this key, you'll use this key in the next step.

5. You can read the issuer with its ID to get the certificates and other metadata about the issuer. Let's skip the certificate output, but list the issuer metadata and usage information.

   $ vault read pki/issuer/$(vault list -format=json pki/issuers/ | jq -r '.[]') \ | tail -n 6

   Example output:

   leaf_not_after_behavior           errmanual_chain                      <nil>ocsp_servers                      []revocation_signature_algorithm    SHA256WithRSArevoked                           falseusage                             crl-signing,issuing-certificates,ocsp-signing,read-only

6. Create a role for the root CA. Creating this role allows for specifying an issuer when necessary for the purposes of this scenario. This also provides a simple way to transition from one issuer to another by referring to it by name.

   $ vault write pki/roles/2023-servers allow_any_name=trueSuccess! Data written to: pki/roles/2023-servers

   Example output:

   Key                                   Value---                                   -----allow_any_name                        trueallow_bare_domains                    falseallow_glob_domains                    falseallow_ip_sans                         trueallow_localhost                       trueallow_subdomains                      falseallow_token_displayname               falseallow_wildcard_certificates           trueallowed_domains                       []allowed_domains_template              falseallowed_other_sans                    []allowed_serial_numbers                []allowed_uri_sans                      []allowed_uri_sans_template             falseallowed_user_ids                      []basic_constraints_valid_for_non_ca    falseclient_flag                           truecn_validations                        [email hostname]code_signing_flag                     falsecountry                               []email_protection_flag                 falseenforce_hostnames                     trueext_key_usage                         []ext_key_usage_oids                    []generate_lease                        falseissuer_ref                            defaultkey_bits                              2048key_type                              rsakey_usage                             [DigitalSignature KeyAgreement KeyEncipherment]locality                              []max_ttl                               0sno_store                              falsenot_after                             n/anot_before_duration                   30sorganization                          []ou                                    []policy_identifiers                    []postal_code                           []province                              []require_cn                            trueserver_flag                           truesignature_bits                        256street_address                        []ttl                                   0suse_csr_common_name                   trueuse_csr_sans                          trueuse_pss                               false

   Note

   This role is overly permissive in the names that it allows just for the purposes of simplification in this tutorial.

7. Configure the CA and CRL URLs.

   $ vault write pki/config/urls \     issuing_certificates="$VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/ca" \     crl_distribution_points="$VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/crl"

   Example output:

   Key                        Value---                        -----crl_distribution_points    [http://127.0.0.1:8200/v1/pki/crl]enable_templating          falseissuing_certificates       [http://127.0.0.1:8200/v1/pki/ca]ocsp_servers               []

   Note

   When using multiple issuers in the same mount, it is suggested to use the per-issuer AIA fields rather than the global (/config/urls) variant. This is for correctness: these fields are used for chain building and automatic CRL detection in certain applications. If they point to the wrong issuer's information, these applications may break.

1. Enable the pki secrets engine at pki path using /sys/mounts endpoint.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"type":"pki"}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/sys/mounts/pki

   See the documentation for all available parameters to enable secrets engines.

2. Tune the pki secrets engine to issue certificates with a maximum time-to-live (TTL) of 87600 hours.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"max_lease_ttl":"87600h"}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/sys/mounts/pki/tune

3. Create an API request payload containing the common name to set.

   $ tee payload.json <<EOF{  "common_name": "example.com",  "issuer_name": "root-2023",  "ttl": "87600h"}EOF

4. Generate the root certificate and extract the CA certificate and save it as root_2023_ca.crt.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data @payload.json \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/root/generate/internal \   | jq -r ".data.certificate" > root_2023_ca.crt

   This generates a new self-signed CA certificate and private key. Vault automatically revokes the generated root at the end of its lease period (TTL). The CA certificate signs its own Certificate Revocation List (CRL).

5. List the issuers.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    "$VAULT_ADDR"/v1/pki/issuers\?list=true \    | jq

   Example output:

   {"request_id": "65f2151a-7b22-b00e-8ae5-b0d5c23e7644","lease_id": "","renewable": false,"lease_duration": 0,"data": {"key_info": {  "09c2c9a0-a874-36d2-de85-d79a7a51e373": {    "is_default": true,    "issuer_name": "root-2023"  }},"keys": [  "09c2c9a0-a874-36d2-de85-d79a7a51e373"] }, "wrap_info": null, "warnings": null, "auth": null}

6. Read the issuer with its ID to get the certificates and other metadata about the issuer. Let's skip the certificate output, but list the issuer metadata and usage information.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/issuer/09c2c9a0-a874-36d2-de85-d79a7a51e373 \    | jq

   Example output:

   {  "request_id": "dff49c60-125e-79f2-5ca0-c1165a196ed9",  "lease_id": "",  "renewable": false,  "lease_duration": 0,  "data": {    "ca_chain": [      "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nbs7CfJ5Phq5t\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"    ],    "certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nbs7CfJ5Phq5t\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",    "issuer_id": "09c2c9a0-a874-36d2-de85-d79a7a51e373",    "issuer_name": "root-2023",    "key_id": "4616f6dc-17a4-a137-79b3-82f6b04f38d7",    "leaf_not_after_behavior": "err",    "manual_chain": null,    "usage": "issuing-certificates,crl-signing,read-only"  },  "wrap_info": null,  "warnings": null,  "auth": null}

7. Create a role for the root CA; creating this role allows for specifying an issuer when necessary for the purposes of this scenario. This also provides a simple way to transition from one issuer to another by referring to it by name.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --request PUT \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --data '{"allow_any_name":"true", "issuer_ref": "root-2023"}' \    "$VAULT_ADDR"/v1/pki/roles/2023-servers

   This command is not expected to produce any output.

   Note

   This role is overly permissive in the names that it allows just for the purposes of simplification in this tutorial.

8. Create an API request payload containing the URLs to set.

   $ tee payload-url.json <<EOF{  "issuing_certificates": "$VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/ca",  "crl_distribution_points": "$VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/crl"}EOF

9. Configure the CA and CRL URLs.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data @payload-url.json \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/config/urls

   Note

   When using multiple issuers in the same mount, it is suggested to use the per-issuer AIA fields rather than the global (/config/urls) variant. This is for correctness: these fields are used for chain building and automatic CRL detection in certain applications. If they point to the wrong issuer's information, these applications may break.

1. Open a web browser and launch the Vault UI.
2. Login by entering the root (for Vault in dev mode) or the admin token (for Vault Dedicated) in the Token field.
3. Select Enable new engine.
4. Select PKI Certificates from the list, and then click Next.
5. Expand Method Options.
6. Enable Max Lease TTL and set the value to 87600 hours.
7. Click Enable Engine to complete. This sets the path to be pki.
8. Select the Overview tab and then Configure PKI.
9. Click Generate root.
10. Under Type, select internal.
11. Enter example.com in the Common name field.
12. Enter root-2023 in the Issuer name field.
13. Under Not valid after, set the value of TTL to 87600 hours.
14. Scroll down to Issuer URLs.
15. Enter http://localhost:8200/v1/pki/ca in the Issuing certificates field.
16. Enter http://localhost:8200/v1/pki/crl in the CRL Distribution Points field.
17. Enter http://localhost:8200/v1/ocsp in the OCSP Servers field.
18. Click Done.
19. Click the clipboard icon to copy the root CA certificate, and save in a file named root_2023_ca.crt.
20. Add a role to the root CA for convenience in this scenario when rotating the root CA.
21. Click pki.
22. Click Roles.
23. Click Create role.
24. Enter 2023-servers into the Role name field.
25. Click Create

OpenSSL enables you to view all the metadata of the generated certificate.

Print the certificate in text form.

$ openssl x509 -in root_2023_ca.crt -text

To understand this section, you run the terraform configuration to create the appropriate resources, and examine the relevant blocks of HCL code to discuss what they do.

1. Clone the repository learn-vault-pki-engine.

   $ git clone https://github.com/hashicorp-education/learn-vault-pki-engine.git

2. Move into the working directory.

   $ cd learn-vault-pki-engine/terraform

3. Now initialize the directory.

   $ terraform init...Terraform has been successfully initialized!...

   After initialization, apply the plan and confirm by inputting yes when prompted.

4. View the terraform plan.

   $ terraform plan...Plan: 23 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.

5. Now run the apply.

   $ terraform apply -auto-approve...Apply complete! Resources: 23 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed....

6. Examine the main.tf and locate the vault_mount pki block. This creates and tunes the new secrets engine.

   resource "vault_mount" "pki" {   path        = "pki"   type        = "pki"   description = "This is an example PKI mount"    default_lease_ttl_seconds = 86400   max_lease_ttl_seconds     = 315360000}

   Note

   The CLI allows you to specify the TTL in hours, minutes, and seconds, but the Terraform provider only allows you to specify the TTL in seconds. For a CLI command flag -max-lease-ttl=87600h specifying the TTL in hours, you use 87600 hours x 60 minutes x 60 seconds or 315360000 seconds for the value.

7. The vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert creates the example.com root certificate.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert" "root_2023" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki.path   type        = "internal"   common_name = "example.com"   ttl         = 315360000   issuer_name = "root-2023"}

   This generates a new self-signed CA certificate and private key. Vault automatically revokes the generated root at the end of its lease period (TTL). The CA certificate signs its own Certificate Revocation List (CRL).

8. The resource vault_pki_secret_backend_issuer manages an existing issuer. Notice how this resource block refers to the issuer created in vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert.root_2023.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_issuer" "root_2023" {   backend                        = vault_mount.pki.path   issuer_ref                     = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert.root_2023.issuer_id   issuer_name                    = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert.root_2023.issuer_name   revocation_signature_algorithm = "SHA256WithRSA"}

9. Using the vault_pki_secret_backend_role resource creates a role for the root CA; creating this role allows for specifying an issuer when necessary for the purposes of this scenario. This also provides a simple way to transition from one issuer to another by referring to it by name.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_role" "role" {   backend          = vault_mount.pki.path   name             = "2023-servers"   ttl              = 86400   allow_ip_sans    = true   key_type         = "rsa"   key_bits         = 4096   allowed_domains  = ["example.com", "my.domain"]   allow_subdomains = true   allow_any_name   = true}

10. The vault_pki_secret_backend_config_urls configures CA and CRL URLs.

    resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_config_urls" "config-urls" {   backend = vault_mount.pki.path   issuing_certificates    = ["http://localhost:8200/v1/pki/ca"]   crl_distribution_points = ["http://localhost:8200/v1/pki/crl"]}

1. First, enable the pki secrets engine at the pki_int path.

   $ vault secrets enable -path=pki_int pki

   Successful output example:

   Success! Enabled the pki secrets engine at: pki_int/

2. Tune the pki_int secrets engine to issue certificates with a maximum time-to-live (TTL) of 43800 hours.

   $ vault secrets tune -max-lease-ttl=43800h pki_int

   Successful output example:

   Success! Tuned the secrets engine at: pki_int/

3. Execute the following command to generate an intermediate and save the CSR as pki_intermediate.csr.

   $ vault write -format=json pki_int/intermediate/generate/internal \     common_name="example.com Intermediate Authority" \     issuer_name="example-dot-com-intermediate" \     | jq -r '.data.csr' > pki_intermediate.csr

   This command is expected to produce no output.

4. Sign the intermediate certificate with the root CA private key, and save the generated certificate as intermediate.cert.pem.

   $ vault write -format=json pki/root/sign-intermediate \     issuer_ref="root-2023" \     csr=@pki_intermediate.csr \     format=pem_bundle ttl="43800h" \     | jq -r '.data.certificate' > intermediate.cert.pem

   This command is expected to produce no output.

5. Once the CSR is signed and the root CA returns a certificate, it can be imported back into Vault.

   $ vault write pki_int/intermediate/set-signed certificate=@intermediate.cert.pem

   Successful output example:

   Key                 Value---                 -----imported_issuers    [ffefa5b2-ae7c-b765-1672-c275fec29dc7 276a666f-c8da-20c5-c5a4-e01dff8ff2ea]imported_keys       <nil>mapping             map[276a666f-c8da-20c5-c5a4-e01dff8ff2ea: ffefa5b2-ae7c-b765-1672-c275fec29dc7:0f021093-a446-5b8e-70e8-a6bbda6f1a99]

1. Enable the pki secrets engine at the pki_int path.

   $ vault secrets enable -path=pki_int pki

   Successful output example:

   Success! Enabled the pki secrets engine at: pki_int/

2. Tune the pki_int secrets engine to issue certificates with a maximum time-to-live (TTL) of 43800 hours.

   $ vault secrets tune -max-lease-ttl=43800h pki_int

   Successful output example:

   Success! Tuned the secrets engine at: pki_int/

3. Use the pki issue command to handle the intermediate CA generation process for you. The example parameters match this PKI secrets engine instance in this tutorial.

   $ vault pki issue \      --issuer_name=example-dot-com-intermediate \      /pki/issuer/a13b7db8-58f2-d926-64fc-bd39c9e6950c \      /pki_int/ \      common_name="example.com Intermediate Authority" \      o="example" \      ou="education" \      key_type="rsa" \      key_bits="4096" \      max_depth_len=1 \      permitted_dns_domains="test.example.com" \      ttl="43800h"

   Abbreviated output example:

   Key                               Value---                               -----ca_chain                          [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIE3jCCA8agAwIBAgIUWR5g4+h92GL/7DndQfaecf3DoZIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL...snip...crl_distribution_points           []issuer_id                         e48e21f4-7690-9c3c-acb8-2d60450f4150issuer_name                       example-dot-com-intermediateissuing_certificates              []key_id                            d50faa6c-1f3c-e197-a205-16e6903c64f7leaf_not_after_behavior           errmanual_chain                      <nil>ocsp_servers                      []revocation_signature_algorithm    n/arevoked                           falseusage                             crl-signing,issuing-certificates,ocsp-signing,read-only...snip...

1. Enable the pki secrets engine at pki_int path.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"type":"pki"}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/sys/mounts/pki_int

2. Tune the pki_int secrets engine to issue certificates with a maximum time-to-live (TTL) of 43800 hours.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"max_lease_ttl":"43800h"}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/sys/mounts/pki_int/tune

3. Create an API request payload containing the common name to set.

   $ tee payload-int.json <<EOF{  "common_name": "example.com Intermediate Authority",  "issuer_name": "example-dot-com-intermediate"}EOF

4. Generate an intermediate using the /pki_int/intermediate/generate/internal endpoint and save it as pki_intermediate.csr.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data @payload-int.json \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki_int/intermediate/generate/internal | jq -c '.data | .csr' >> pki_intermediate.csr

5. Create an API request payload to sign the CSR.

   $ tee payload-int-cert.json <<EOF{  "csr": $(cat pki_intermediate.csr),  "format": "pem_bundle",  "ttl": "43800h"}EOF

6. Sign the intermediate certificate with the root CA private key, and save the certificate as intermediate.cert.pem.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data @payload-int-cert.json \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/root/sign-intermediate | jq '.data | .certificate' >> intermediate.cert.pem

   Note

   The format in the payload specifies the format of the returned data. When pem_bundle, the certificate field holds the certificate.

7. Once the CSR is signed and the root CA returns a certificate, it can be imported back into Vault using the /pki_int/intermediate/set-signed endpoint.

   Create an API request payload containing the certificate you obtained.

   $ tee payload-signed.json <<EOF{  "certificate": $(cat intermediate.cert.pem)}EOF

8. Submit the signed certificate.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data @payload-signed.json \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki_int/intermediate/set-signed

1. From Secrets, select Enable new engine.
2. Select the PKI Certificates radio button, and click Next.
3. Enter pki_int in the Path field.
4. Set the Max lease TTL to 43800 hours.
5. Click Enable Engine.
6. Click Configure PKI.
7. Select Generate intermediate CSR.
8. Select internal as the Type.
9. Enter example.com Intermediate Authority in the Common name field.
10. Click Generate.
11. Click the clipboard icon to save the CSR in a file named pki_intermediate.csr.
12. Click secrets.
13. Click pki.
14. Click Issuers.
15. Click root-123.
16. Click Sign intermediate.
17. Paste in the CSR you just copied into the Certificate Signing Request (CSR) field.
18. Enter example.com in the Common name.
19. Select pem_bundle from the Format drop-down list, and then click Sign.
20. Click Download save the generated certificate in a file, intermediate.cert.pem.
21. Click secrets.
22. Select pki_int from the Secrets tab to return to the intermediate CA.
23. Select the Overview tab and then Configure PKI.
24. Click Import a CA.
25. Select the file intermediate.cert.pem in the PEM Bundle field, and then click Import issuer.

1. Examine the main.tf and locate resource "vault_mount" "pki_int". This enables a second pki engine to act an intermediate authority with the pki_int path. It is set with an (TTL) of 43800 hours or 157680000 seconds.

   resource "vault_mount" "pki_int" {   path        = "pki_int"   type        = "pki"   description = "This is an example intermediate PKI mount"    default_lease_ttl_seconds = 86400   max_lease_ttl_seconds     = 157680000}

2. This vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_cert_request block generates an intermediate and then uses the local_file block to save the CSR as pki_intermediate.csr.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_cert_request" "csr-request" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki_int.path   type        = "internal"   common_name = "example.com Intermediate Authority"}

3. The intermediate certificate is signed with the root CA private key, and the save the generated certificate as intermediate.cert.pem.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_root_sign_intermediate" "intermediate" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki.path   common_name = "new_intermediate"   csr         = vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_cert_request.csr-request.csr   format      = "pem_bundle"   ttl         = 15480000   issuer_ref  = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert.root_2023.issuer_id}

4. Import the certificate back into Vault.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_set_signed" "intermediate" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki_int.path   certificate = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_sign_intermediate.intermediate.certificate}

Create a role named example-dot-com which allows subdomains, and specify the default issuer ref ID as the value of issuer_ref.

$ vault write pki_int/roles/example-dot-com \     issuer_ref="$(vault read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers)" \     allowed_domains="example.com" \     allow_subdomains=true \     max_ttl="720h"

Example output:

Key                                   Value---                                   -----allow_any_name                        falseallow_bare_domains                    falseallow_glob_domains                    falseallow_ip_sans                         trueallow_localhost                       trueallow_subdomains                      trueallow_token_displayname               falseallow_wildcard_certificates           trueallowed_domains                       [example.com]allowed_domains_template              falseallowed_other_sans                    []allowed_serial_numbers                []allowed_uri_sans                      []allowed_uri_sans_template             falseallowed_user_ids                      []basic_constraints_valid_for_non_ca    falseclient_flag                           truecn_validations                        [email hostname]code_signing_flag                     falsecountry                               []email_protection_flag                 falseenforce_hostnames                     trueext_key_usage                         []ext_key_usage_oids                    []generate_lease                        falseissuer_ref                            b96a564f-6031-83e2-4d43-fd2b4bede424key_bits                              2048key_type                              rsakey_usage                             [DigitalSignature KeyAgreement KeyEncipherment]locality                              []max_ttl                               720hno_store                              falsenot_after                             n/anot_before_duration                   30sorganization                          []ou                                    []policy_identifiers                    []postal_code                           []province                              []require_cn                            trueserver_flag                           truesignature_bits                        256street_address                        []ttl                                   0suse_csr_common_name                   trueuse_csr_sans                          trueuse_pss                               false

1. Create an API request payload containing domain information to set.

   $ tee payload-role.json <<EOF{  "allowed_domains": "example.com",  "allow_subdomains": true,  "issuer_ref": "$(vault read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers)",  "max_ttl": "720h"}EOF

2. Create a role named example-dot-com which allows subdomains.

   $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data @payload-role.json \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki_int/roles/example-dot-com

Create a role named example-dot-com which allows subdomains.

1. Click the terminal icon.

2. In terminal, use the following command to list issuers:

   $ read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers

3. Copy the value from the preceding command.

4. Click secrets.

5. Click pki_int and then select Roles.

6. Click Create role.

7. Enter example-dot-com in the Role name field.

8. Toggle Use default issuer.

9. Select the issuer from the drop down. It has a unique ID, not the literal value root-2023.

10. Under Not valid after, set the TTL to 43800 hours (5 years).

11. Expand Domain Handling and then select the Allow subdomains check-box. Enter example.com in the Allowed domains field.

12. Click Create.

1. Create a role named example-dot-com using the vault_pki_secret_backend_role resource block which allows subdomains, and specify the default issuer ref ID as the value of issuer_ref.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_role" "intermediate_role" {   backend          = vault_mount.pki_int.path   issuer_ref       = vault_pki_secret_backend_issuer.intermediate.issuer_ref   name             = "example-dot-com"   ttl              = 86400   max_ttl          = 2592000   allow_ip_sans    = true   key_type         = "rsa"   key_bits         = 4096   allowed_domains  = ["example.com"]   allow_subdomains = true}

2. Examine the role example-dot-com.

   $ vault read pki_int/roles/example-dot-comKey                                   Value---                                   -----allow_any_name                        falseallow_bare_domains                    falseallow_glob_domains                    falseallow_ip_sans                         trueallow_localhost                       trueallow_subdomains                      trueallow_token_displayname               falseallow_wildcard_certificates           trueallowed_domains                       [example.com]allowed_domains_template              falseallowed_other_sans                    []allowed_serial_numbers                []allowed_uri_sans                      []allowed_uri_sans_template             falseallowed_user_ids                      []basic_constraints_valid_for_non_ca    falseclient_flag                           truecn_validations                        [email hostname]code_signing_flag                     falsecountry                               []email_protection_flag                 falseenforce_hostnames                     trueext_key_usage                         []ext_key_usage_oids                    []generate_lease                        falseissuer_ref                            40ba9192-d609-235f-4454-ea3ec33aeb4ekey_bits                              4096key_type                              rsakey_usage                             [DigitalSignature KeyAgreement KeyEncipherment]locality                              []max_ttl                               720hno_store                              falsenot_after                             n/anot_before_duration                   30sorganization                          []ou                                    []policy_identifiers                    []postal_code                           []province                              []require_cn                            trueserver_flag                           truesignature_bits                        256street_address                        []ttl                                   24huse_csr_common_name                   trueuse_csr_sans                          trueuse_pss                               false

Execute the following command to request a new certificate for the test.example.com domain based on the example-dot-com role.

$ vault write pki_int/issue/example-dot-com common_name="test.example.com" ttl="24h"

Example output:

Key                 Value---                 -----certificate         -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDwzCCAqugAwIBAgIUTQABMCAsXjG6ExFTX8201xKVH4IwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwGjEYMBYGA1UEAxMPd3d3LmV4YW1wbGUuY29tMB4XDTE4MDcyNDIxMTMxOVoX             ...-----END CERTIFICATE-----issuing_ca          -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDQTCCAimgAwIBAgIUbMYp39mdj7dKX033ZjK18rx05x8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL             ...-----END CERTIFICATE-----private_key         -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAte1fqy2Ekj+EFqKV6N5QJlBgMo/U4IIxwLZI6a87yAC/rDhmW58liadXrwjzRgWeqVOoCRr/B5JnRLbyIKBVp6MMFwZVkynEPzDmy0ynuomSfJkM             ...-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----private_key_type    rsaserial_number       4d:00:01:30:20:2c:5e:31:ba:13:11:53:5f:cd:b4:d7:12:95:1f:82

The response has the PEM-encoded private key, key type and certificate serial number.

Invoke the /pki_int/issue/<role_name> endpoint to request a new certificate.

Request a certificate for the test.example.com domain based on the example-dot-com role.

$ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"common_name": "test.example.com", "ttl": "24h"}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki_int/issue/example-dot-com | jq

{  "request_id": "7544fb94-49aa-8a11-1396-67938b69c3f2",  "lease_id": "",  "renewable": false,  "lease_duration": 0,  "data": {    "ca_chain": [      "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\n1CyvvvJeega8q9Evg1v68MajkFFT37YI5XESCw==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"    ],    "certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\ny/cTj/D8a8iAJA==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----",    "expiration": 1618936795,    "issuing_ca": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\n1CyvvvJeega8q9Evg1v68MajkFFT37YI5XESCw==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----",    "private_key": "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIEowIBAAKCAQEAz33uJ1VfgBZ0VIFt96l8gjguMu67s0pvT+kohIq0xU/jJjbR\nxBjwRiJhhQS2K0qjKHj4jtxqJaR1ns2O93L0cxVjP2S05n46rBTbEJj+LUtW2ymu\nwZ9mXMqWyTRDa/v3dQZL/ZiCbicCNbECyNskHvCmU9xy67a+LWxBl52P7WQ965vp\nIGTbwqtBqUwEQEwpGd6lIDk9dDuXTGHvGNhhgmYrIr4inhj9UuNhC9eULKC4byLo\ntrGcLO7Guiy3ljDWDCLFkQGLE5A33xUVhMf8itWsa9B3qPU60VQbjX0ZFPF/6dS7\nN5F1AfxzBfUbFud7mQzyW1zhw0iVYZLmz6A8VwIDAQABAoIBADMwNhiuDyliYMCY\nTbDTt0vI4FzgWJ4atutX8g8AySgEVV2QGJ/wJxamVLikOOzlNOs/LNLRvb4bnIjY\n3XRef8AEfr+c8KQMcB0T6BdoJwy1kW/wEJTj5jTuJdTtd9SkDKBqNUUS4tqZ9QmZ\n6b3zki2v4Ni/gfp00uYR1vy4elFt/yjTmA0lhY4onPNPqXNWCF1LY38xNegBQZg4\nrYkSFvIOr7bl7Rk2JljWCxZZef5kEIFGdoqus5KekzW8Li9s2XVVXWEfoY/r/NI1\nHgAwHugwe3+8ve3YKLIIKJqGvYk+8Lp8rXPsf9GRZxpxx/yER4NX8+83DndBnfQO\n7G/BOwECgYEA/0ZAU6h+1cW+PxQ+CuSdbClXhKgqTN4pRwCbrGUQ3y2KGsGUzZW/\nUuO/XIN/hkx0SkKz10TvUV5o4SXh5nY7s+3OCsnc7fBx3Gv4vHCWQ4t9JNxeH6vP\nzNKjQeceVzlniyxKlW9OvVDXZU6nv27LBRH1fIYp9QRbc7yHzUQXLCcCgYEA0BTp\nD3CXELJYoV0/LFvRQqZ+P1Xo26qa9xjRMI+Owr2nNuzqcMl4dBvZWNNCpDwqrKn6\n6iiWXYhwxvvKkJe9QgE3LCvkmluGiBDpK4U2rVbB/LoBAtNgGdnxaP9t9OfhtQC3\nPjhVJvBVbk3mFWG950Ua5E1cgl6n4xtGoHgxHFECgYBaXOTieE/FnoUU0TaRJpIv\nOoc3d0vZ//5+mtGAeho51mX/yKzDBZI/Zk1UE1xuDtxPeUMuHcHVfOUFZiKMMSg7\nLh/0o7ZoJ+g2TaY0FmqqqFL5XGSZM3mQmLOf3Y9Y8wIbOud/9HHcBCTrQKeS1UZa\nmhvbI6bwi8VPt9oeqE7HmwKBgHqOVlbJsbAb2yfvi+3MhowDFAipyOTYrz0qWMuJ\nQkRg/8PR9qNHhrKcVH+ErpOc/GWGGEsibK3aVtJcKwrO1KGzpZNWpuZjUfGCRFNl\nuraNiuQXidDoPon7W7zD9Tdx+/Zn3YXAGCc/FpJJP2MIlplIknY1Om9u4ONahVau\nc/6BAoGBAIfW6PPFjXUUn3LvcswvQAahnclYIW+Ml6peerfMr5kq0TTWykrMN4nc\nLl9oGG2ifigSUo/mz2cfemExO+hgXJP+UOOKi2LkUUpV9x1fzJFHYutiIyV4mBPd\nTFPCpLJjz3T4Nn18nzGmrQiQT6ymgt4KDx6cW+xbOLTuNsNg+0ib\n-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",    "private_key_type": "rsa",    "serial_number": "3f:03:a9:10:e0:28:df:dc:d8:a8:f9:50:7b:cd:d4:8c:01:f5:47:5e"  },  "wrap_info": null,  "warnings": null,  "auth": null}

1. Select secrets.
2. Select pki_int from the Secrets Engines list.
3. Select example-dot-com under Roles.
4. Click Generate certificate.
5. Enter test.example.com in the Common name field.
6. Under Not valid after, set the TTL to 24 hours.
7. Click Generate. The response contains the PEM-encoded private key, key type and certificate serial number. You can click on the sensitive information toggle to show or hide the generated values.
8. Click Download and save it to a file.

The vault_pki_secret_backend_cert resource creates a new certificate for the test.example.com domain based on example-dot-com role.

resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_cert" "example-dot-com" {  issuer_ref  = vault_pki_secret_backend_issuer.intermediate.issuer_ref  backend     = vault_pki_secret_backend_role.intermediate_role.backend  name        = vault_pki_secret_backend_role.intermediate_role.name  common_name = "test.example.com"  ttl         = 3600  revoke     = true}

In certain circumstances, you may wish to revoke an issued certificate.

To revoke a certificate, execute the following command, replacing the <serial_number> placeholder with the actual serial number of the certificate you want to revoke.

$ vault write pki_int/revoke serial_number=<serial_number>

Example:

$ vault write pki_int/revoke \    serial_number="3f:03:a9:10:e0:28:df:dc:d8:a8:f9:50:7b:cd:d4:8c:01:f5:47:5e" Key                        Value---                        -----revocation_time            1692733613revocation_time_rfc3339    2023-08-22T19:46:53.117254Zstate                      revoked

Invoke the /pki_int/revoke endpoint to invoke a certificate using its serial number.

$ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"serial_number": "<serial_number>"}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki_int/revoke | jq

1. Select Secrets.
2. Select pki_int from the Secrets Engines list.
3. Select the Certificates tab.
4. Select the serial number for the certificate you wish to revoke.
5. Click Revoke. At the confirmation, click Revoke again.

1. To revoke a certificate in Terraform, the revoke argument in vault_pki_secret_backend_cert should to set to true.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_cert" "example-dot-com" {   issuer_ref  = vault_pki_secret_backend_issuer.intermediate.issuer_ref   backend     = vault_pki_secret_backend_role.intermediate_role.backend   name        = vault_pki_secret_backend_role.intermediate_role.name   common_name = "test.example.com"   ttl         = 3600   revoke     = true}

2. Look at the output of the terraform apply ran at the beginning of the tutorial. There is a field named vault_pki_secret_backend_cert_example-dot-com_serial_number. In your terminal copy the value displayed.

   Outputs:...vault_pki_secret_backend_cert_example-dot-com_serial_number = "5f:83:38:d0:f6:25:6a:a6:85:9a:76:5d:50:8c:ee:5f:3d:f4:8c:26"...

3. Use the Vault CLI to look at the expiration of the certificate. The revocation_time is zero, and therefore not set.

   $ vault read pki_int/cert/<YOUR_SERIAL_NUMBER_HERE>Key                        Value---                        -----certificate                -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIEVDCCAzygAwIBAgIUX4M40PYlaqaFmnZdUIzuXz30jCYwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL...-----END CERTIFICATE-----revocation_time            0revocation_time_rfc3339    n/a

4. To revoke the certificated generated by the vault_pki_secret_backend_cert.example-dot-com block, use the -target flag with -destroy.

   $ terraform apply -destroy --target vault_pki_secret_backend_cert.example-dot-com --auto-approve...Apply complete! Resources: 0 added, 0 changed, 1 destroyed.

5. Using the Vault CLI check the expiration of the certificate. The revocation_time is now set.

   $ vault read pki_int/cert/<YOUR_SERIAL_NUMBER_HERE>Key                        Value---                        -----certificate                -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIEVDCCAzygAwIBAgIUX4M40PYlaqaFmnZdUIzuXz30jCYwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL...-----END CERTIFICATE-----issuer_id                  16943d6c-0745-8d7a-fdb9-8c723a67aeeerevocation_time            1692979749revocation_time_rfc3339    2023-08-25T16:09:09.327564Z

To remove revoked certificate and clean the CRL.

$ vault write pki_int/tidy tidy_cert_store=true tidy_revoked_certs=trueWARNING! The following warnings were returned from Vault:   * Tidy operation successfully started. Any information from the operation  will be printed to Vault's server logs.

Invoke the /pki_int/tidy endpoint to remove revoked certificate and clean the CRL.

$ curl --header "X-Vault-Token: $VAULT_TOKEN" \   --header "X-Vault-Namespace: $VAULT_NAMESPACE" \   --request POST \   --data '{"tidy_cert_store": true, "tidy_revoked_certs": true}' \   $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki_int/tidy | jq

1. Select Secrets.
2. Select pki_int from the Secrets Engines list.
3. Select the Tidy tab.
4. Select the check-box for Tidy the Certificate Store and Tidy the Revocation List (CRL).
5. Click Save.

1. To begin learning about this capability, enable another root CA in the existing PKI secrets engine mount using the new rotate feature.

   $ vault write pki/root/rotate/internal \    common_name="example.com" \    issuer_name="root-2024"
   Example output

   Key              Value---              -----certificate      -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDpzCCAo+gAwIBAgIUT2afmPzCe/DQFO4c/Re0H7nC0jMwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwFjEUMBIGA1UEAxMLZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wHhcNMjIwNjIwMTQzMTA0WhcNMjIwNzIyMTQzMTM0WjAWMRQwEgYDVQQDEwtleGFtcGxlLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMAT2ZvEAP0hzJlkVY7ZNY2sbiGpor9CAzL2Uaqd9PtmL761XzboQHFziwDnffWdUKttZ5Gdc6KLFSPG8Bpl50PgKxwsUqr/2skLm1O/nVPVlodr3AUkbQZ4Qc6/Fs/lhGbPglFFMXl7NVdkeOnyFUZtouXLq11A38rc6280FzxMw16FEmwsLU/tWOwgAad7Q/Xp9l5HrlKN//+LUnaDcFmYXmNIK2CVTloUOqL39WPMR+CeXqGR1RkxTuJ0oy0GdLo2JMh9ndz7JQkMcU8VigJ7oqhvhxczoM/Lx0hB8Y+wUMynn/VvbUO0uBRE1RpOpk5Zfxbb8TiYysN9PpzhVYMCAwEAAaOB7DCB6TAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUoWSv9g7doyvm9Xqspi9jH6kfhq8wHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUoWSv9g7doyvm9Xqspi9jH6kfhq8wOwYIKwYBBQUHAQEELzAtMCsGCCsGAQUFBzAChh9odHRwOi8vMTI3LjAuMC4xOjgyMDAvdjEvcGtpL2NhMBYGA1UdEQQPMA2CC2V4YW1wbGUuY29tMDEGA1UdHwQqMCgwJqAkoCKGIGh0dHA6Ly8xMjcuMC4wLjE6ODIwMC92MS9wa2kvY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQByO9DyRVJYjK9xrnfNnD1pbG0WXWRmsk7dxtXY336ollMl0eqOuEEHNGy0a4c1UKOjFg0LSg3c/DzUoPluUB4Kk9gs4ifn+1cm2k6G9gjT/6Wi0xIW0t7+a7XX8ttPO7T4ZFDJT2KDINz42Oeht5u82TuKgBfdQsXm9XnJLqckQbaCZLPsuvyAT8MrgBABOvCVF1yurHNrmu+js6fZxu4wAO7ANMBDzNPYYx0IphYRGCnBte1Nj4vSiTtlFOdf8+gdM8lSlv4XV56e10MepNSvvFDd1De6l+ErLciZJQydDklX2e3R1GlQmm3d5Sxn5Wob3FA4nkyqLq21RlH2RRgo-----END CERTIFICATE-----expiration       1658500294issuer_id        f4baa074-10d7-7fc3-1623-f6f906ceed98issuer_name      root-2024issuing_ca       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----key_id           775fb40a-4568-f613-2c6d-0f6802e859e1key_name         n/aserial_number    4f:66:9f:98:fc:c2:7b:f0:d0:14:ee:1c:fd:17:b4:1f:b9:c2:d2:33

   Note that the certificate information has multi-issuer information, such as the issuer_ref and issuer_name values.

2. You can also list the issuers to confirm the addition of the new Root CA.

   $ vault list pki/issuers Keys----09c2c9a0-a874-36d2-de85-d79a7a51e373f4baa074-10d7-7fc3-1623-f6f906ceed98

   Both root CA issuers are now enabled in the same PKI secrets engine mount. While the new root CA is enabled, it's not yet actively used, and all later issuance from the mount uses the original root CA issuer, root-2023.

   Tip

   At this point, the new root CA certificate can be deployed to all devices which require it as part of rotating out the old root CA.

3. Create a role for the new example.com root CA; creating this role allows for specifying an issuer when necessary. This also provides a simple way to transition from one issuer to another by referring to it by name.

   $ vault write pki/roles/2024-servers allow_any_name=trueSuccess! Data written to: pki/roles/2024-servers
   Example output

   Key                                   Value---                                   -----allow_any_name                        trueallow_bare_domains                    falseallow_glob_domains                    falseallow_ip_sans                         trueallow_localhost                       trueallow_subdomains                      falseallow_token_displayname               falseallow_wildcard_certificates           trueallowed_domains                       []allowed_domains_template              falseallowed_other_sans                    []allowed_serial_numbers                []allowed_uri_sans                      []allowed_uri_sans_template             falseallowed_user_ids                      []basic_constraints_valid_for_non_ca    falseclient_flag                           truecn_validations                        [email hostname]code_signing_flag                     falsecountry                               []email_protection_flag                 falseenforce_hostnames                     trueext_key_usage                         []ext_key_usage_oids                    []generate_lease                        falseissuer_ref                            defaultkey_bits                              2048key_type                              rsakey_usage                             [DigitalSignature KeyAgreement KeyEncipherment]locality                              []max_ttl                               0sno_store                              falsenot_after                             n/anot_before_duration                   30sorganization                          []ou                                    []policy_identifiers                    []postal_code                           []province                              []require_cn                            trueserver_flag                           truesignature_bits                        256street_address                        []ttl                                   0suse_csr_common_name                   trueuse_csr_sans                          trueuse_pss                               false

   Note

   This role is overly permissive in the names that it allows just for the purposes of simplification in this tutorial.

To begin learning about the multi-issuer capabilities, enable another root CA in the existing PKI secrets engine mount using the new rotate feature.

1. Generate the new Root CA using the /pki/root/rotate/internal endpoint.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --request PUT \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    --data '{"common_name":"example.com","issuer_name":"root-2024"}' \    $VAULT_ADDR/v1/pki/root/rotate/internal \    | jq
   Example output

   {  "request_id": "ddab7cc7-fc1e-9d61-853f-fbf18f064f83",  "lease_id": "",  "renewable": false,  "lease_duration": 0,  "data": {    "certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nXnUSjLh1FBUyuSyHTmkVTeOuxVCNPzr2BXEA\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----",    "expiration": 1658516507,    "issuer_id": "8247c31f-ad1e-001c-6ad9-0aacc0aebea2",    "issuer_name": "root-2024",    "issuing_ca": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nXnUSjLh1FBUyuSyHTmkVTeOuxVCNPzr2BXEA\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----",    "key_id": "3e46e483-a692-3a8d-6f33-2f9173c2f110",    "key_name": "",    "serial_number": "56:85:7f:c2:e6:4c:bf:4e:4c:69:c4:b6:3e:bc:b7:56:b2:e0:1a:14"  },  "wrap_info": null,  "warnings": null,  "auth": null}

The Vault provider does not include a way to rotate certificates, but the Generic Endpoint resource could be used to rotate the certificates, but this is not recommended due to security concerns.

The /root/rotate/ call in the API is convention to make it easier for users, so simply generating a new root is sufficient. Refer to the Generate root API documentation for more details.

1. Enable a new root CA named root_2024.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert" "root_2024" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki.path   type        = "internal"   common_name = "example.com"   ttl         = "315360000"   issuer_name = "root-2024"   key_name    = "root_2024"}

2. A role is created for the root_2024 certificate. Creating this role allows for specifying an issuer when necessary. This provides a simple way to transition from one issuer to another by referring to it by name.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_role" "role_2024" {   backend        = vault_mount.pki.path   name           = "2024-servers"   allow_any_name = true}

   Note

   This role is overly permissive in the names that it allows just for the purposes of simplification in this tutorial.

1. Create the cross-signed Intermediate CSR.

   $ vault write -format=json pki/intermediate/cross-sign \      common_name="example.com" \      key_ref="$(vault read pki/issuer/root-2024 \      | grep -i key_id | awk '{print $2}')" \      | jq -r '.data.csr' \      | tee cross-signed-intermediate.csr

   Example output:

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

2. Sign the resulting CSR with the older root CA.

   $ vault write -format=json pki/issuer/root-2023/sign-intermediate \      common_name="example.com" \      csr=@cross-signed-intermediate.csr \      | jq -r '.data.certificate' | tee cross-signed-intermediate.crt

   Example output:

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

   The result is a cross-signed certificate, but no issuer gets created yet. Import the signed certificate to create the new issuer.

3. Import the cross-signed certificate.

   $ vault write pki/intermediate/set-signed \      certificate=@cross-signed-intermediate.crt

   Example output:

   Key                 Value---                 -----imported_issuers    [3f5a71f1-6558-0c82-2f8c-c3feb27eee8a]imported_keys       <nil>mapping             map[3f5a71f1-6558-0c82-2f8c-c3feb27eee8a:775fb40a-4568-f613-2c6d-0f6802e859e1]

   You now have 2 root CAs with a cross-signed intermediate CA providing a trust chain between them. You are ready to handle migration of devices which were not initially possible to migrate to the new root CA.

4. Read the issuer for the new root CA. You'll notice that there are now more certificates in the ca_chain field.

   $ vault read pki/issuer/root-2024
   Example output

   Key                        Value---                        -----ca_chain                   [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----]certificate                -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----issuer_id                  f4baa074-10d7-7fc3-1623-f6f906ceed98issuer_name                root-2024key_id                     775fb40a-4568-f613-2c6d-0f6802e859e1leaf_not_after_behavior    errmanual_chain               <nil>usage                      read-only,issuing-certificates,crl-signing

1. Create the cross-signed Intermediate CSR.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --request PUT \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    --data '{"common_name":"example.com","key_ref":"'$(vault read pki/issuer/root-2024 | grep -i key_id | awk '{print $2}')'"}' \    "$VAULT_ADDR"/v1/pki/intermediate/cross-sign \    | jq '.data.csr' \    | tee cross-signed-intermediate.csr

   Example output:

   "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\nMIIChDCCAWwCAQAwFjEUMBIGA1UEAxMLZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3\nDQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDZ1V3OvmLb6L95OvL6NxxMziico3T4bxh7bJNU\nYbCHzqDI2LQk7cTpqLj9kllRPNfckD+zHo3zsV40ToX1/4FLzJP/xE6l+kavgymI\n6atp3wB1dykCv4UNVVicd+7sGs8BqUn3e7KPE758apYymZ8u8wv2SmkS27fDqqDH\n5+sTh/CBD8NO/fMJoOf1Ewcha3/7szdXeLV/dAWrZ6dHw4XsSvQe2A6uQi9zWsUJ\nyIMXfa8ttetJ4NAucPRX6mwVUgYWxj278HhCAb2j9PEuEiKAJhuoFtoBa1PwOMwH\nYJ1lNaifnkvA9MxWTS2wo4h8qsoN0NJR9u+L/1bx1u5iwb0bAgMBAAGgKTAnBgkq\nhkiG9w0BCQ4xGjAYMBYGA1UdEQQPMA2CC2V4YW1wbGUuY29tMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB\nCwUAA4IBAQAbWckGlLZGCYOWbbXNESvRGSbFc5+Tk6dcoOcb33r04GsfQsWTSvNh\nMmqm8ovBB2fSYxRZvZ8ciQ232XqnrKfySZ5NdTxitc52U2gWqsT64I1rwmSfvKFT\nxU23ILsAf0YSPnB1+jZ6u1Oqzj5jVsXJPB4Goyu2vCyxmwNKd8Op7FGosFoA5vl6\nji4S70L0ClR8B8Pf4i0iNbtCqPX+diMEezfgOiPv9EfCkqM+Sbh09sWHe7VTucWO\nCWiYnKYs2OKWM9S3B2shlH1rluNQe2R6UaovxAt6jlDwQYbqPmqJb3buicSdCoKI\nOZZ0VTha98YlwHrdEQwPH2brOL0ZAMi9\n-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----"

2. Create a payload file for the intermediate information.

   $ tee > payload-intermediate-csr.json << EOF{  "common_name": "example.com",  "csr": $(cat cross-signed-intermediate.csr)}EOF

3. Sign the resulting CSR with the older root CA.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --request PUT \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    --data @payload-intermediate-csr.json \    "$VAULT_ADDR"/v1/pki/issuer/root-2023/sign-intermediate \    | jq '.data.certificate' | tee cross-signed-intermediate.crt

   Example output:

   "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nAmF4jUyMCxex6lnpTjIldU73BnVRVnOl2KGE\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"

   The result is a cross-signed certificate, but no issuer gets created yet. Import the signed certificate to create the new issuer.

4. Create a payload file.

   $ cat > payload-cross-signed-cert.json << EOF{   "certificate": $(cat cross-signed-intermediate.crt)}EOF

5. Import the cross-signed certificate.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --request PUT \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    --data @payload-cross-signed-cert.json \    "$VAULT_ADDR"/v1/pki/intermediate/set-signed \    | jq

   Example output:

   {  "request_id": "ef40177c-21d0-07aa-324e-6aef145f2185",  "lease_id": "",  "renewable": false,  "lease_duration": 0,  "data": {    "imported_issuers": null,    "imported_keys": null,    "mapping": {      "e81a37b1-dfb7-33a3-294b-6079ea4f9b2e": "3e46e483-a692-3a8d-6f33-2f9173c2f110"    }  },  "wrap_info": null,  "warnings": null,  "auth": null}

   You now have 2 root CAs with a cross-signed intermediate CA providing a trust chain between them. You are ready to handle migration of devices which were not initially possible to migrate to the new root CA.

6. Read the issuer for the new root CA, and you'll notice that there are now more certificates in the ca_chain field.

   $ curl \    --silent \    --header "X-Vault-Request: true" \    --header "X-Vault-Token: $(vault print token)" \    "$VAULT_ADDR"/v1/pki/issuer/root-2024 \    | jq
   Example output

   {  "request_id": "1101f28b-4562-6f17-5117-e7030522e2de",  "lease_id": "",  "renewable": false,  "lease_duration": 0,  "data": {    "ca_chain": [      "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nXnUSjLh1FBUyuSyHTmkVTeOuxVCNPzr2BXEA\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",      "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nAmF4jUyMCxex6lnpTjIldU73BnVRVnOl2KGE\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",      "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nbs7CfJ5Phq5t\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"    ],    "certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nXnUSjLh1FBUyuSyHTmkVTeOuxVCNPzr2BXEA\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",    "issuer_id": "8247c31f-ad1e-001c-6ad9-0aacc0aebea2",    "issuer_name": "root-2024",    "key_id": "3e46e483-a692-3a8d-6f33-2f9173c2f110",    "leaf_not_after_behavior": "err",    "manual_chain": null,    "usage": "read-only,issuing-certificates,crl-signing"  },  "wrap_info": null,  "warnings": null,  "auth": null}

1. Get a CSR to cross-sign the intermediate.

   $ vault write -format=json pki_int/intermediate/cross-sign \   common_name="example.com Intermediate Authority" \   key_ref="$(vault read pki_int/issuer/$(vault read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers) \   | grep -i key_id | awk '{print $2}')" \   | jq -r '.data.csr' \   | tee cross-signed-intermediate.csr

   Example output:

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

2. Sign the CSR under the new root.

   $ vault write -format=json pki/issuer/root-2024/sign-intermediate \   common_name="example.com Intermediate Authority" \   csr=@cross-signed-intermediate.csr \   | jq -r '.data.certificate' | tee cross-signed-intermediate.crt

   Example output:

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

3. Import the cross-signed certificate into the new mount.

   $ vault write pki_int/intermediate/set-signed \   certificate=@cross-signed-intermediate.crt

   Example abbreviated output:

   ...snip...Key                 Value---                 -----existing_issuers    <nil>existing_keys       <nil>imported_issuers    [58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48b]imported_keys       <nil>mapping             map[58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48b:80375808-3015-91fc-ab36-b88e5b91d645]...snip...

4. Set the issuer name.

   $ vault write pki_int/issuer/58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48b \    issuer_name=xc-example-dot-com-intermediate

   Be sure to use the correct imported_issuers UUID for the value of issuer instead of the example value.

   Example output

   Key                               Value---                               -----ca_chain                          [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----]certificate                       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----crl_distribution_points           []issuer_id                         58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48bissuer_name                       xc-example-dot-com-intermediateissuing_certificates              []key_id                            80375808-3015-91fc-ab36-b88e5b91d645leaf_not_after_behavior           errmanual_chain                      <nil>ocsp_servers                      []revocation_signature_algorithm    n/arevoked                           falseusage                             crl-signing,issuing-certificates,ocsp-signing,read-only

5. When reading issuers, the CA chain does not change. Try reading the intermediate CA:

   $ vault read -field=ca_chain pki_int/issuer/"$(vault read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers)"

   Example output:

   [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----]

6. Read the cross-signed intermediate CA.

   $ vault read -field=ca_chain pki_int/issuer/xc-example-dot-com-intermediate

   Example output:

   [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----]

7. (optional) If you prefer to update them to refer to each other on sign requests, you can use manual_chain since they are sibling CAs, not in a hierarchy, and automated chain building does not detect them.

   Set a manual_chain value on the intermediate CA.

   $ vault patch pki_int/issuer/"$(vault read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers)" \    manual_chain=self,xc-example-dot-com-intermediate
   Example output

   Key                               Value---                               -----ca_chain                          [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDpjCCAo6gAwIBAgIUP/K4tDfqvxdDokLmfVQ0SCcjBS8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwFjEUMBIGA1UEAxMLZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wHhcNMjMwODIyMTk0MzQzWhcNMjgwODIwMTk0NDEzWjAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJleGFtcGxlLmNvbSBJbnRlcm1lZGlhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAtFYfhqAfwuHh5FNL2pU3jOy6i9j5ofGYB/li30C3Bt3uhvH852mICZ4eMfTeFmWjT8ZXpRnjdC5H9aphmAge9wMw1lqpgzLgGno9gMMMdMSbjeg6QO8D9myVYj+e39/WjoP87hHom9BoTkavMA3JSGarcGu9imh/xpu9mlyEJ4K0ArIPu+Yuu2xUAfZ8alhuhNXTbMvn4dljcIrGgQuGtVpvuECuerpUtC8djqe8LnLtdXoP/N74G5U18pEOFqlnMM+vYJBjRFaU4YaiknVAFSnYAyVj/Q/AmE7tYqk+51nD1hl3uydwu4mJfmxU5TMFp8TDD0GTP/WkOwB6yvz0aQIDAQABo4HUMIHRMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBSnjahgWrDluYwFlvSie5k5MaHzRDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTS5JNOBLW/rwXBFO2Ol5zpfO9wnzA7BggrBgEFBQcBAQQvMC0wKwYIKwYBBQUHMAKGH2h0dHA6Ly8xMjcuMC4wLjE6ODIwMC92MS9wa2kvY2EwMQYDVR0fBCowKDAmoCSgIoYgaHR0cDovLzEyNy4wLjAuMTo4MjAwL3YxL3BraS9jcmwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAGQUfS3m41bC0lpEq7/KpVxGeIFutct21jWQX1AmORXFiu1yK+cAJJnDd1bRUE8MhhGH1lmFPZ8dpVvC/wm4Q1TvQGo1K82z4sUh1IDFqTMJOhwYYsQkrKqLCPcdcWxtgRnYldUp1AHnObFvQvJlJndZVpMfxRamTaLQjDEon7ItldOR4ZLoSCg18ZvUlqQk/bzosPq7pvmmShGpnX5ln02J1+6BYMZTbxn/FBjWIb466Bquc1+lCWHuOkHvnzAQ00oFKWTvEXr0EobWWANLuFnWiite8ZTwZjpkYPoXpOnK9dmk61rV+AlTy7qovM4Y5Yjg2uOA6FZbg3SW11RLEUA=-----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----]certificate                       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----crl_distribution_points           []issuer_id                         4e2e04ff-de9b-10ff-59e1-ccaa8247e1aeissuer_name                       n/aissuing_certificates              []key_id                            80375808-3015-91fc-ab36-b88e5b91d645leaf_not_after_behavior           errmanual_chain                      [4e2e04ff-de9b-10ff-59e1-ccaa8247e1ae 58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48b]ocsp_servers                      []revocation_signature_algorithm    n/arevoked                           falseusage                             crl-signing,issuing-certificates,ocsp-signing,read-only

   Set a manual_chain value on the cross-signed intermediate CA.

   $ vault patch pki_int/issuer/xc-example-dot-com-intermediate \    manual_chain=self,"$(vault read -field=default pki_int/config/issuers)"
   Example output

   ---                               -----ca_chain                          [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----]certificate                       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----crl_distribution_points           []issuer_id                         58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48bissuer_name                       xc-example-dot-com-intermediateissuing_certificates              []key_id                            80375808-3015-91fc-ab36-b88e5b91d645leaf_not_after_behavior           errmanual_chain                      [58dabd1a-73ee-c483-5371-add26cb1c48b 4e2e04ff-de9b-10ff-59e1-ccaa8247e1ae]ocsp_servers                      []revocation_signature_algorithm    n/arevoked                           falseusage                             crl-signing,issuing-certificates,ocsp-signing,read-only

In this section, you create a new CSR and cross sign it with the original root to create a cross signed CSR.

1. The vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_cert_request resource creates a new cross-signed Intermediate CSR from the new root_2024.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_cert_request" "new_csr" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki.path   type        = "existing"   common_name = "example.com"   key_ref     = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert.root_2024.key_name}

2. The vault_pki_secret_backend_root_sign_intermediate resource signs the CSR with older root_2023 CA.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_root_sign_intermediate" "root_2024" {   backend     = vault_mount.pki.path   csr         = vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_cert_request.new_csr.csr   common_name = "example.com"   ttl         = 43800   issuer_ref  = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_cert.root_2023.issuer_id}

3. To import the cross signed certificate, use the vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_set_signed resource block.

   resource "vault_pki_secret_backend_intermediate_set_signed" "root_2024" {      backend     = vault_mount.pki.path      certificate = vault_pki_secret_backend_root_sign_intermediate.root_2024.certificate}

4. Take a look at the new root CA named root-2024.

   $ vault read pki/issuer/root-2024

   Example output

   Key                               Value---                               -----ca_chain                          [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDNTCCAh2gAwIBAgIUGVy5lNcQ9TbydQEUWKXXJg1nDLwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL   ...-----END CERTIFICATE----------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDpzCCAo+gAwIBAgIUHZOy6VSoKuLzdwBKjS6Oxr/emm8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL   ...-----END CERTIFICATE----------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDpzCCAo+gAwIBAgIUSouOAPGZ+ctkjMJsFYQ6ivEAPPUwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL   ...-----END CERTIFICATE-----]certificate                       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIDNTCCAh2gAwIBAgIUGVy5lNcQ9TbydQEUWKXXJg1nDLwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL   ...-----END CERTIFICATE-----crl_distribution_points           []issuer_id                         9e3ae643-f435-8e68-4e44-a531b33f871cissuer_name                       root-2024issuing_certificates              []key_id                            00a7e2d4-18cc-dae6-0075-95424530474bleaf_not_after_behavior           errmanual_chain                      <nil>ocsp_servers                      []revocation_signature_algorithm    SHA256WithRSArevoked                           falseusage                             crl-signing,issuing-certificates,ocsp-signing,read-only